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Tendonitis: What You Need to Know

Tendonitis: What You Need to Know

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Tendonitis is a common condition that affects many people, especially those who do repetitive or strenuous activities. It occurs when a tendon, the tissue that connects a muscle to a bone, becomes inflamed or irritated. This can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced movement in the affected area.

Tendonitis can affect any tendon in the body, but some of the most common types are:

Tennis elbow: inflammation of the tendon on the outside of the elbow, often caused by overuse of the forearm muscles.

• Golfer’s elbow: inflammation of the tendon on the inside of the elbow, often caused by overuse of the wrist and finger muscles.

• Pitcher’s shoulder or swimmer’s shoulder: inflammation of the tendons in the rotator cuff, the group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint, often caused by overuse of the shoulder muscles.

• Runner’s knee or jumper’s knee: inflammation of the tendon below the kneecap, often caused by overuse of the quadriceps muscles.

Achilles tendonitis: inflammation of the tendon that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, often caused by overuse of the calf muscles or tightness of the calf muscles or heel cord.

The main causes of tendonitis are:

• Overuse or repetitive movements of a tendon, such as running, throwing, or typing.

• Sudden increase in the intensity or duration of an activity, such as starting a new exercise program or playing a new sport.

• Poor posture or technique, such as slouching, leaning, or using improper equipment or footwear.

• Aging, as tendons become less flexible and more prone to injury over time.

• Medical conditions, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or gout, that can affect the health of the tendons.

• Medications, such as antibiotics, corticosteroids, or aromatase inhibitors, that can weaken the tendons or increase the risk of inflammation.

The main symptoms of tendonitis are:

• Pain and tenderness in the affected tendon, especially when moving or applying pressure to the area.

• Swelling, redness, or warmth in the affected area.

• Reduced range of motion or stiffness in the affected joint.

• Difficulty performing normal activities, such as lifting, reaching, or walking.

• A cracking or popping sound or sensation when moving the affected tendon.

The diagnosis of tendonitis is usually based on the medical history, physical examination, and sometimes imaging tests, such as ultrasound or MRI, to rule out other conditions or complications, such as a tear or rupture of the tendon.

The treatment of tendonitis depends on the severity and location of the condition, but it usually involves:

• Resting the affected tendon and avoiding activities that aggravate the symptoms.

• Applying ice or cold packs to the affected area for 15 to 20 minutes several times a day to reduce inflammation and pain.

• Taking over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, to reduce inflammation and pain, unless contraindicated by other medical conditions or medications.

• Wearing a brace, splint, or bandage to support and protect the affected tendon and reduce stress on the area.

• Doing gentle stretching and strengthening exercises to improve the flexibility and function of the affected tendon and prevent stiffness and weakness.

• Seeking physical therapy or occupational therapy to learn proper posture, technique, and exercises to prevent or recover from tendonitis.

• Getting a local corticosteroid injection to reduce inflammation and pain in severe or chronic cases, but only under the guidance of a doctor, as repeated injections can weaken the tendon and increase the risk of rupture.

• Having surgery to repair a torn or ruptured tendon or to remove scar tissue or calcium deposits in chronic or refractory cases, but only as a last resort, as surgery can have complications and require a long recovery time.

The prevention of tendonitis involves:

• Warming up properly before doing any physical activity and cooling down afterward.

• Gradually increasing the intensity and duration of any new activity and taking breaks to rest and recover.

• Using proper equipment, footwear, and technique for any sport or activity and avoiding sudden or awkward movements.

• Varying the type and intensity of activities to avoid overloading the same tendons and muscles.

• Strengthening and stretching the muscles and tendons regularly to improve their flexibility and resilience.

• Maintaining a healthy weight and diet to reduce stress on the tendons and joints and to promote healing.

• Managing any underlying medical conditions or medications that can affect the tendons and seeking medical advice if symptoms persist or worsen.

Tendonitis is a common but treatable condition that can affect anyone who does repetitive or strenuous activities. By following the above tips, you can prevent, treat, and recover from tendonitis and enjoy a healthy and active lifestyle.

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