Scoliosis is a condition that affects the shape of the spine, causing it to curve sideways or twist. It can occur at any age, but it is most common in children and adolescents. In this article, we will explain what causes scoliosis, how it is diagnosed and treated, and what you can do to manage the condition.
What causes scoliosis?
The exact cause of scoliosis is unknown in most cases. This is called idiopathic scoliosis, and it accounts for about 80% of all cases. Idiopathic scoliosis can be classified by the age of onset: infantile (0 to 3 years), juvenile (4 to 10 years), adolescent (11 to 18 years), or adult (18+ years). Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type.
Some cases of scoliosis are caused by known factors, such as:
– Birth defects that affect the development of the spine, such as spina bifida. This is called congenital scoliosis.
– Neurological conditions that affect the muscles or nerves in the spine, such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy. This is called neuromuscular scoliosis.
– Injuries or infections of the spine.
– Spinal cord irregularities.
Scoliosis can also be classified as structural or nonstructural. Structural scoliosis means that the spine has a permanent curve due to a disease, injury, or birth defect. Nonstructural scoliosis means that the spine has a temporary curve that can be corrected.
Scoliosis tends to run in families, so genetics may play a role in some cases. People with a vagina are more likely to have a more severe form of scoliosis than those with a penis.
How is scoliosis diagnosed?
Scoliosis can be diagnosed by a physical exam and imaging tests. A physical exam involves observing your back while you stand and bend forward. Your doctor will look for signs of curvature, such as uneven shoulders, waist, hips, or ribcage. They may also measure the angle of your spine using a device called a scoliometer.
Imaging tests include X-rays, MRI scans, or CT scans. These tests can show the shape and degree of your spine curvature, as well as any underlying problems that may cause it.
The degree of curvature is measured by the Cobb angle, which is the angle between two lines drawn along the top and bottom of the most tilted vertebrae in your curve. A Cobb angle of 10 degrees or more is considered scoliosis.
How is scoliosis treated?
The treatment for scoliosis depends on several factors, such as:
– The type and cause of scoliosis
– The degree and location of the curve
– The age and growth potential of the person
– The symptoms and complications of scoliosis
The main goals of treatment are to prevent the curve from getting worse, to correct or improve the appearance of the spine, and to reduce pain and discomfort.
The main types of treatment are:
– Observation: This involves regular check-ups and X-rays to monitor the progression of the curve. This is usually recommended for mild curves (less than 25 degrees) or curves that are not likely to worsen due to age or growth.
– Bracing: This involves wearing a device that fits around your torso and applies pressure to your spine to keep it straight. This is usually recommended for moderate curves (25 to 45 degrees) or curves that are likely to worsen due to growth. Braces need to be worn for several hours a day, usually until growth stops.
– Surgery: This involves inserting metal rods, screws, hooks, or wires into your spine to hold it in place and correct the curve. This is usually recommended for severe curves (more than 45 degrees) or curves that cause pain or problems with breathing, heart function, or posture. Surgery is usually done after growth stops.
What can you do to manage scoliosis?
Scoliosis can affect your physical and emotional well-being. Here are some tips to help you cope with the condition:
– Stay active: Physical activity can help you maintain your muscle strength, flexibility, and balance. It can also improve your mood and self-esteem. You can do any exercise that you enjoy and that does not cause pain or discomfort. Some examples are swimming, cycling, yoga, or pilates.
– Seek support: Scoliosis can make you feel isolated or different from others. You may benefit from joining a support group or talking to other people who have scoliosis. You can also seek professional help from a counselor or therapist if you feel depressed, anxious, or stressed.
– Educate yourself: Learning more about scoliosis can help you understand your condition and make informed decisions about your treatment. You can ask your doctor any questions you have or look for reliable sources of information online.
We hope this article has given you some insight into scoliosis and how to manage it. Remember that scoliosis is not a life-threatening condition and that many people with scoliosis lead normal and fulfilling lives. If you have any concerns or questions, please consult your doctor or a scoliosis specialist.
